On This Day: January 27th

J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Alles nur nach Gottes Willen, BWV 72, concluding his third Christmas season in Leipzig on the Third Sunday after Epiphany.

Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan and Caliph of Islam in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.

Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.

Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus, laying out the scriptural justification for indulgences, identifying only the Pope and episcopate as capable of accessing the treasury of merit, and establishing a jubilee year every half century.

Dante Alighieri is condemned in absentia and exiled from Florence.

Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.

The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

Nika riots in Constantinople fail.

Pope Innocent I declares Pelagius and his follower Caelestius excommunicated unless they return to orthodoxy.

Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor.