On This Day: November 22nd

In Birmingham, England, Albert, Prince Consort lays the foundation stone of the Birmingham and Midland Institute.

Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.

Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself.

Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island.

Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.

Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.

Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome by Pope Honorius III.

The Castle of Termes falls to Simon de Montfort after a four-month siege during the Albigensian Crusade.

The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon.

After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.