On This Day: November 1st

French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.

Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere is elected Pope and takes the name Julius II.

The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".

The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.

Philip II is crowned King of France.

Empress Matilda's reign as "Lady of the English" ends as Stephen of Blois regains the title of "King of England".

Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).

Roman Emperor Valentinian I learns the Alemanni have crossed the Rhine and invaded Gaul.