On This Day: May 19th

Thirty Years' War: French forces under the duc d'Enghien decisively defeat Spanish forces at the Battle of Rocroi, marking the symbolic end of Spain as a dominant land power.

The Prome Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in present-day Myanmar.

Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII of England, is beheaded for adultery, treason, and incest.

French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's two sons (whom Cartier had kidnapped during his first voyage).

Catherine of Aragon is married by proxy to Arthur, Prince of Wales. Catherine is 13 and Arthur is 12.

John II of Castile defeats the Infantes of Aragon at the First Battle of Olmedo.

Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.

The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under the leadership of John Kourkouas.

Pope Gregory II is elected.

Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assault Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.