On This Day: July 5th

The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins, resulting in one of the worst naval defeats of the Ottomans since Lepanto.

Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.

The battle of Landsdowne results in severe losses for both the Royalist and Parliamentarian forces.

John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.

Portuguese forces under the command of Pedro Lopes de Sousa begin an unsuccessful invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy during the Campaign of Danture in Sri Lanka.

The Maronite College is established in Rome.

Mehmed Çelebi and his army defeat the army of his brother Musa Çelebi in the battle of Çamurlu. Musa is captured and executed.

The Burgundian and Majorcan claimants of the Principality of Achaea meet in the Battle of Manolada.

Election of pope Celestine V following the death of pope Nicholas IV two years prior.

The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.