On This Day: July 30th

Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.

The Battle of Warsaw ends with a Swedish-Brandenburger victory over a larger Polish-Lithuanian force.

English Civil War: Scottish Covenanter forces under the Earl of Leven launch the Siege of Hereford, a remaining Royalist stronghold.

Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army.

An earthquake kills about 5,000 people in Gargano, Italy.

In Jamestown, Virginia, the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.

Beaver Wars: At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs on behalf of his native allies.

Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.

First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.

Baghdad is founded.