On This Day: August 22nd

Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.

Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.

Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.

Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.

Spanish archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested for heresy.

The Battle of Bosworth Field occurs; King Richard III of England's death in battle marks the end of the reigning Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudors under Henry VII.

Crusader-Fatimid wars: The fortress of Ascalon was surrendered by Fatimid Egypt to an army of crusaders, Templars, and Hospitallers led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.

Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.

Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland, halting the expansion of West Francia.

Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.